Convention on the Conservation
of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
Standing Committee
Resolution No. 4 (1996) listing endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures
(Adopted by the Standing Committee on 6 December 1996)
The Standing Committee of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, acting under the terms of Article 14 of the convention,
Having regard to its Resolution No. 1 (1989) on the provisions relating to the conservation of habitats,
Having regard to its Recommendation No. 14 (1989) on species habitat conservation and on the conservation of endangered natural habitats,
Acknowledging that for Contracting Parties which are Member States of the European Union the list of natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures corresponds to Annex I of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora,
Resolves to identify the natural habitats listed in Annex I to this resolution as endangered natural habitat types requiring specific conservation measures. (Selected habitats are marked with the sign !)
Resolves to update periodically Annex I to this resolution.
ANNEX I
ENDANGERED NATURAL HABITAT TYPES
1 . COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC COMMUNITIES
11. OCEAN AND SEAS, MARINE COMMUNITIES
11.2 Benthic communities
! 11.22 Sublittoral soft seabeds
! 11.24 Sublittoral rocky seabeds and kelp forests
! 11.25 Sublittoral organogenic concretions
! 11.26 Sublittoral cave communities
! 11.27 Soft sediment littoral communities
! 11.3 Sea-grass meadows
11.4 Brackish sea vascular vegetation
! 11.42 Marine spike-rush beds
12. SEA INLETS AND COASTAL FEATURES
! 12.7 Sea-caves
13. ESTUARIES AND TIDAL RIVERS
! 13.2 Estuaries
! 14. MUD FLATS AND SAND FLATS
15. SALTMARSHES, SALT STEPPES, SALT SCRUBS, SALT FORESTS
15.1 Annual salt pioneer swards
! 15.1132 Venetian glasswort swards
! 15.114 Iberian glasswort swards
! 15.115 Continental glasswort swards
! 15.13 Sea-pearlwort communities
! 15.14 Central Eurasian crypsoid communities
15.3 Boreo-nemoral coastal salt meadows
! 15.32 Atlantic lower schorre communities
! 15.33 Atlantic upper schorre communities
! 15.34 Atlantic brackish saltmarsh communities
! 15.4 Suboceanic inland salt meadows
! 15.5 Mediterranean salt meadows
! 15.6 Mediterraneo-Nemoral saltmarsh scrubs
! 15.7 Mediterraneo-Canarian xero-halophile scrubs
! 15.8 Mediterranean salt steppes
! 15.9 Mediterranean gypsum scrubs
! 15.A Continental salt steppes and saltmarshes
16. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND SAND BEACHES
! 16.2 Dunes
! 16.3 Humid dune-slacks
17. SHINGLE BEACHES
! 17.3 Sea kale communities
1A. COASTAL AGROSYSTEMS
! 1A.1 Machair
2 . NON-MARINE WATERS
! 21. COASTAL LAGOONS
22. STANDING FRESH WATER
22.1 Permanent ponds and lakes
! 22.11 Lime-deficient oligotrophic waterbodies
22.3 Amphibious communities
! 22.31 Euro-Siberian perennial amphibious communities
22.32 Euro-Siberian dwarf annual amphibious swards
! 22.321 Dwarf spike-rush communities
! 22.322 Dune-slack centaury swards
22.323 Dwarf toad-rush communities
! 22.3232 Small galingale swards
! 22.3233 Wet ground dwarf herb communities
22.34 Mediterraneo-Atlantic amphibious communities
! 22.341 Short Mediterranean amphibious swards
! 22.342 Tall Mediterranean amphibious swards
! 22.344 Serapias grasslands
22.35 Central Eurasian amphibious communities
! 22.351 Pannonic riverbank dwarf sedge communities
22.4 Euhydrophyte communities
22.41 Free-floating vegetation
! 22.412 Frogbit rafts
! 22.413 Water-soldier rafts
! 22.414 Bladderwort colonies
! 22.415 Salvinia covers
! 22.416 Aldrovanda communities
22.43 Rooted floating vegetation
22.431 Floating broad-leaved carpets
! 22.4316 Sacred lotus beds
22.432 Shallow-water floating communities
! 22.4321 Water crowfoot communities
! 22.4323 Water violet beds
! 22.44 Chandalier algae submerged carpets
! 22.5 Turlough and lake-bottom meadows
23. STANDING BRACKISH AND SALT WATER
! 23.1 Athalassal saline lakes
! 23.3 Salt lake islands
24. RUNNING WATER
! 24.2 River gravel banks
3 . SCRUB AND GRASSLAND
31. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB
! 31.1 European wet heaths
! 31.2 European dry heaths
! 31.3 Macaronesian heaths
31.4 Alpine and boreal heaths
31.42 Alpenrose heaths
! 31.424 Carpathian Kotschy's alpenrose heaths
! 31.425 Balkan Kotschy's alpenrose heaths
! 31.46 Bruckenthalia heaths
! 31.7 Hedgehog-heaths
31.8 Western Eurasian thickets
31.8B South-eastern deciduous thickets
! 31.8B1 Pannonic and sub-Pannonic thickets
32. SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB
32.2 Thermo-Mediterranean shrub formations
! 32.22 Tree-spurge formations
! 32.24 Palmetto brush
! 32.25 Mediterranean pre-desert scrub
! 32.26 Thermo-Mediterranean broom fields (retamares)
! 32.2B Cabo de Sao Vicente brushes
! 33. PHRYGANA
34. STEPPES AND DRY CALCAREOUS GRASSLANDS
34.1 Middle European pioneer swards
34.11 Middle European rock debris swards
! 34.112 Houseleek communities
! 34.2 Lowland heavy metal grasslands
! 34.3 Dense perennial grasslands and middle European steppes
! 34.5 Mediterranean xeric grasslands
! 34.9 Continental steppes
! 34.A Sand steppes
35. DRY SILICEOUS GRASSLANDS
35.1 Atlantic mat-grass swards and related communities
! 35.11 Mat-grass swards
! 35.7 Mediterraneo-montane mat-grass swards
37. HUMID GRASSLAND AND TALL HERB COMMUNITIES
37.1 Lowland tall herb communities
! 37.13 Continental tall herb communities
! 37.14 Eastern nemoral tall herb communities
! 37.2 Eutrophic humid grasslands
! 37.3 Oligotrophic humid grasslands
! 37.4 Mediterranean tall humid grasslands
37.7 Humid tall herb fringes
37.71 Watercourse veils
! 37.711 Angelica archangelica fluvial communities
! 37.712 Angelica heterocarpa fluvial communities
! 37.713 Marsh mallow screens
38. MESOPHILE GRASSLANDS
38.2 Lowland high meadows
! 38.25 Continental meadows
4 . FORESTS
41. BROAD-LEAVED DECIDUOUS FORESTS
! 41.1 Beech forests
! 41.2 Oak-hornbeam forests
! 41.4 Mixed ravine and slope forests
! 41.5 Acidophilous oak forests
! 41.6 Quercus pyrenaica forests
! 41.7 Thermophilous and supra-Mediterranean oak woods
! 41.8 Mixed thermophilous forests
! 41.H Euxino-Hyrcanian mixed deciduous forests
42. TEMPERATE CONIFEROUS FORESTS
42.1 Western Palaearctic fir forests
! 42.15 Southern Apennine silver fir forests
! 42.16 Southern Balkan silver fir forests
! 42.17 Balkano-Pontic fir forests
! 42.19 Afro-Asian fir forests
42.2 Western Palaearctic orogenous spruce forests
! 42.21 Alpine and Carpathian sub-alpine spruce forests
! 42.22 Inner range montane spruce forests
! 42.23 Hercynian subalpine spruce forests
42.24 Sub-Mediterranean Norway spruce forests
! 42.241 Rhodope spruce forest
! 42.243 Montenegrine spruce forest
! 42.244 Paeonian spruce forest
! 42.245 Balkan Range spruce forest
! 42.27 Omorika spruce forests
! 42.28 Oriental spruce forests
42.3 Alpine larch-arolla forests
! 42.31 Eastern Alpine siliceous larch and arolla forests
! 42.32 Eastern Alpine calcicolous larch and arolla forests
! 42.35 Carpathian larch and arolla forests
! 42.36 Larix polonica forests
42.4 Mountain pine forests
! 42.41 Rusty alpenrose mountain pine forests
! 42.42 Xerocline mountain pine forests
42.5 Western Palaearctic Scots pine forests
! 42.51 Caledonian forest
42.52 Middle European Scots pine forests
42.523 Western Eurasian steppe pine forest
! 42.5232 Sarmatic steppe pine forest
! 42.5233 Carpatian steppe pine frests
! 42.5234 Pannonic Scots pine steppe woods
42.54 Spring heath Scots pine forests
! 42.542 Carpatian relict calcicolous Scots pine forest
! 42.5C South-eastern European Scots pine forests
! 42.5F Ponto-Caucasian Scots pine forests
42.6 Black pine forests
! 42.61 Alpino-Apennine Pinus nigra forests
! 42.62 Western Balkan Pinus nigra forests
! 42.63 Salzmann's pine forests
! 42.64 Corsican laricio pine forests
! 42.65 Calabrian laricio pine forests
! 42.66 Banat and Pallas' pine forests
! 42.7 High oro-mediterranean pine forests
42.8 Mediterranean pine woods
42.81 Maritime pine forests
! 42.811 Charente pine-holm oak forests
! 42.812 Aquitanian pine-cork oak forests
! 42.814 Iberian maritime pine forests
! 42.82 Mesogean pine forests
! 42.83 Stone pine forests
42.84 Aleppo pine forests
! 42.841 Iberian Aleppo pine forests
! 42.842 Balearic Aleppo pine forests
! 42.843 Provenço-Ligurian Aleppo pine forests
! 42.844 Corsican Aleppo pine woods
! 42.845 Sardinian Aleppo pine woods
! 42.846 Sicilian Aleppo pine woods
42.847 Italic Aleppo pine forests
! 42.8471 Gargano Aleppo pine forests
! 42.8472 Metapontine Aleppo pine forests
! 42.8473 Umbrian Aleppo pine forests
! 42.848 Hellenic Aleppo pine forests
! 42.849 Illyrian Aleppo pine forests
! 42.84A East Mediterranean Aleppo pine forests
! 42.85 Aegean pine forests
! 42.9 Canary Island pine forests
! 42.A Western Palaearctic cypress, juniper and yew forests
! 42.B Western Palaearctic cedar forests
44. TEMPERATE RIVERINE AND SWAMP FORESTS AND BRUSH
! 44.1 Riparian willow formations
! 44.2 Boreo-alpine riparian galleries
! 44.3 Middle European stream ash-alder woods
44.4 Mixed oak-elm-ash forests of great rivers
! 44.41 Great medio-European fluvial forests
! 44.43 South-east European ash-oak-alder forests
! 44.44 Po oak-ash-alder forests
! 44.5 Southern alder and birch galleries
44.6 Mediterraneo-Turanian riverine forests
! 44.66 Ponto-Sarmatic mixed poplar riverine forest
! 44.69 Irano-Anatolian mixed riverine forests
! 44.7 Oriental plane and sweet gum woods
! 44.8 Southern riparian galleries and thickets
44.9 Alder, willow, oak, aspen swamp woods
44.91 Adler swamp woods
44.911 Meso-eutrophic swamp alder woods
! 44.9115 Eastern Carpathian alder swamp woods
! 44.914 Steppe swamp alder woods
! 44.A Birch and conifer mire woods
! 44.B Euxino-Hyrcanian wet ground forests
! 45. TEMPERATE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREEN FORESTS
5 . BOGS AND MARSHES
51. RAISED BOGS
! 51.1 Near-natural raised bogs
! 52. BLANKET BOGS
53. WATER-FRINGE VEGETATION
! 53.3 Fen-sedge beds
54. FENS, TRANSITION MIRES AND SPRINGS
54.1 Springs
! 54.12 Hard water springs
! 54.2 Rich fens
! 54.3 Arcto-alpine riverine swards
54.4 Acidic fens
54.42 Black-white-star sedge fens
! 54.426 Peri-Danubian black-white-star sedge fens
! 54.5 Transition mires
! 54.6 White beak-sedge and mud bottom communities
! 54.8 Aapa mires
! 54.9 Palsa mires
! 54.A Polygon mires
6 . INLAND ROCKS, SCREES AND SANDS
61. SCREES
61.3 Western Mediterranean and thermophilous screes
61.31 Peri-Alpine thermophilous screes
! 61.313 Paris Basin screes
! 64. INLAND SAND DUNES
! 65. CAVES
9 . WOODED GRASSLANDS AND SCRUBS
91. PARKLANDS
! 91.2 Dehesa
! 93. WOODED STEPPE